| Customization: | Available |
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| Material: | Carbon Steel |
| Type: | Hexagon Head |
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Studs are externally threaded fasteners that typically look like and operate as threaded bars. They're different from screws and bolts in the fact that they don't usually have a head that requires tightening - just continuous threading that can be paired with nuts.
Used in high pressure bolting situations for pipeline, drilling, petroleum / petrochemical refining and general industry for sealing and flange connections all thread, tap end and double end stud bolts are the lion's share of the industry. The all thread stud bolt is a threaded rod with 2 heavy hex nuts, while the tap end and double end are nut continuously thread, but have a body in the middle with one nut. In a tap end the short end of the stud bolt is designed with a UNC 3A fit to go into a tapped hole on the body of a larger machined or forged equipment.
In a flanged connection the size, length, diameter and number of bolt holes is dependent of flange type and pressure class of flange.
Stud Bolt grades and sizes are defined by industry standards in ASTM A193 and ASME B16.5 standards.
Standard U.S. bolt threads are defined in ASME / ANSI Unified Inch Screw Threads. The most commonly used Unified threads are UN, UNC, UNF in thread pitches associated to the diameter. The thread diameter/pitch combinations are measured by the number of threads per inch (TPI) accompanying each diameter.
At Sigma we manufacture studs in a wide variety of ASTM grades and exotic grade high strength alloys. Our Booking for Energy Book section on stud bolts includes many finer details on stud bolts. Like how the ends are finished.
Stud Bolt Ends
At manufacturer's option, ends or points may be rounded (oval), sheared, flat or saw cut and chamfered. When rounded, the stud shall have an oval point with a radius equal to approximately one times the basic stud diameter. When flat and chamfered, the end shall be chamfered from a diameter not exceeding the minor diameter of the thread to produce a length of chamfer or incomplete thread approximately equivalent to 2 times the thread pitch.
Length
Stud bolt length is commonly measured end to end or first to first. The length of stud bolt, measured parallel to the axis, is the distance from first thread to first thread.
First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point. Stud bolts are normally available in 1/4 in. length increments.
| Size | D | UNC | UNF | 8UN | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. |
| 1 ⁄4 | 0.2500 | 20 | 28 | . . . | 0.050 | 0.100 | 0.036 | 0.071 | . . . | . . . |
| 5 ⁄16 | 0.3125 | 18 | 24 | . . . | 0.056 | 0.111 | 0.042 | 0.083 | . . . | . . . |
| 3 ⁄8 | 0.3750 | 16 | 24 | . . . | 0.063 | 0.125 | 0.042 | 0.083 | . . . | . . . |
| 7 ⁄16 | 0.4375 | 14 | 20 | . . . | 0.072 | 0.143 | 0.050 | 0.100 | . . . | . . . |
| 1 ⁄2 | 0.5000 | 13 | 20 | . . . | 0.077 | 0.154 | 0.050 | 0.100 | . . . | . . . |
| 9 ⁄16 [Note (3)] |
0.5625 | 12 | 18 | . . . | 0.084 | 0.167 | 0.056 | 0.111 | . . . | . . . |
| 5 ⁄8 | 0.6250 | 11 | 18 | . . . | 0.091 | 0.182 | 0.056 | 0.111 | . . . | . . . |
| 3 ⁄4 | 0.7500 | 10 | 16 | . . . | 0.100 | 0.200 | 0.063 | 0.125 | . . . | . . . |
| 7 ⁄8 | 0.8750 | 9 | 14 | . . . | 0.111 | 0.222 | 0.072 | 0.143 | . . . | . . . |
| 1 | 1.0000 | 8 | 12 | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 | 0.084 | 0.167 | . . . | . . . |
| 11⁄8 | 1.1250 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 0.143 | 0.286 | 0.084 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 11⁄4 | 1.2500 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 0.143 | 0.286 | 0.084 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 13⁄8 | 1.3750 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 0.167 | 0.333 | 0.084 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 11⁄2 | 1.5000 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 0.167 | 0.333 | 0.084 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 15⁄8 | 1.6250 | . . . | . . . | 8 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 13⁄4 | 1.7500 | 5 | . . . | 8 | 0.200 | 0.400 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 17⁄8 | 1.8750 | . . . | . . . | 8 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 2 | 2.0000 | 41⁄2 | . . . | 8 | 0.222 | 0.444 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 21⁄4 | 2.2500 | 41⁄2 | . . . | 8 | 0.222 | 0.444 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 21⁄2 | 2.5000 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 23⁄4 | 2.7500 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 3 | 3.0000 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 31⁄4 | 3.2500 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 31⁄2 | 3.5000 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 33⁄4 | 3.7500 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
| 4 | 4.0000 | 4 | . . . | 8 | 0.250 | 0.500 | . . . | . . . | 0.125 | 0.250 |
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